Odds 'n Ends

Photos

More Stuff

The Shofar

"Sound the Shofar in Zion and sound the alarm in my holy mountain: let all the inhabitants of the Land tremble: for the day of the Lord cometh, it is nigh at hand" (Joel 2:1)

by Levi Rothman

The ram's horn, known as the Shofar, is one of the oldest Jewish symbols. The Torah states that the giving of the Ten Commandments was preceded by loud Shofar blasts on Mount Sinai. Joshua brought down the walls of Jericho with Shofar blasts. The Torah calls Rosh Hashanah, "Yom Teruah" -- "a day of blowing" due to the centrality of the Shofar on this holiday.

Rosh Hashanah continues to center around the sounding of this ancient instrument. Although the horns from many animals are permissible, it is strongly recommended that a ram's horns be used because of the ram's association with the story of Akeidat Yitzchak -- the binding of Isaac. When the angel held Avraham's knife before he could kill Yitzchak, God commanded him to sacrifice a ram instead of his son. In remembrance of Avraham and Yitzchak's willingness to do God's will and of God's mercy, the rabbis favored the ram over all other animals. They forbade the use of cow's horns because of the reference to the sin of the Golden Calf.

The Shofar is also blown every morning -- except on Shabbat -- during the month of Elul as a reminder for Jews to repent. A single long blast signals the end of Yom Kippur. According to the Baal Shem Tov, the Shofar teaches us that repentance must come from the depths of the soul: "There are many halls of the king's palace, and intricate keys to all those doors, but the ax is stronger than all of these. The master key to [God's house] is the broken heart, the open heart."
shofar1.jpg (9771 bytes)
From the biblical times, the shofar has been associated with messianic redemption. The Midrash says that the left horn of the ram sacrificed by Avraham was sounded on Mount Sinai and the right will be blown at the coming of the Meshiach -- Messiah. Isaiah prophesied that when that horn sounds all who have been dispersed will return to Jerusalem. In the Middle Ages, the legend arose that Elijah would signal the coming of the Meshiach by blowing the Shofar three days before his arrival. The Shofar is also supposed to announce the resurrection of the dead. After the biblical period the Shofar lost its function except for special events, where a special black Shofar was used. In Israel, the Shofar has been used to inaugurate new presidents, to mark solemn occasions, and to celebrate military victories, such as the liberation of the Western Wall in 1967.


Back to articles